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Backpropagation, an abbreviation for "backward propagation of errors", is a common method of training artificial neural networks used in conjunction with an optimization method such as gradient descent.

2 votes

CNN - upsampling backprop gradients across average-pooling layer

This is based on gunes's answer above. We can vectorize all the matrices as follows: $$ \mathrm{vec}(A^{[l]}) = \begin{bmatrix} a_{11} \\ a_{21} \\ a_{31} \\ a_{12} \\ a_{22} \\ a_{32} \\ a_{13} \\ …
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3 votes
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CNN - upsampling backprop gradients across average-pooling layer

"Derivation of backpropagation in convolutional neural network (cnn)." University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (2016). …
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