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I have data, which I am sure has a downward trend. I am trying to forecast this data using ARIMA and I want ARIMA to consider the trend when it is forecasting.

The first step in ARIMA is to determine the order of differencing for which I am using the KPSS test. The KPSS test in R has an option 'trend' and 'level'. Which one should I choose if I know that my data has a downward trend? I am confused because I dont understand what is the input ARIMA is expecting if trend has to be taken into consideration for forecasting.

Another question: Is there any sure shot way of knowing if the data follows a trend?

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  • $\begingroup$ As a complement to the answer given below you may see this post. $\endgroup$
    – javlacalle
    Commented Jul 16, 2014 at 17:08

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It is about level or trend stationarity, i.e. a deterministic trend. So, if you think your data is stationary around a constant, you should opt for "level" but if you think that your data is stationary around a deterministic trend then select the second alternative, "trend".

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  • $\begingroup$ how do i know if my data is stationary around a constant or trend? So I understand you answer as if I want trend to be maintained in forecast, i should do the kpss test for trend. Am I correct? $\endgroup$
    – nancy
    Commented Jul 16, 2014 at 17:40

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