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$\begingroup$These charts are called isotype or Neurath charts or sometimes pictogram charts. There have been several discussions of doing them in R (1, 2) but I don't know if any do the fractional-images automatically.$\endgroup$
$\begingroup$See also stackoverflow (scroll down!). One could of course construct images that represent say tenths of a picture (0.1, 0.2, ..., 0.9) and use those -- more accuracy than that is probably wasted.$\endgroup$